x86-specific Documentation

• 1. DeviceTree Booting
• 2. x86 Feature Flags
  • 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.2. How are feature flags created?
  • 2.3. Naming of Flags
  • 2.4. Flags are missing when one or more of these happen
• 3. x86 Topology
  • 3.1. Package
  • 3.2. Cores
  • 3.3. Threads
  • 3.4. System topology examples
• 4. Kernel level exception handling
• 5. Kernel Stacks
  • 5.1. Kernel stacks on x86-64 bit
  • 5.2. Printing backtraces on x86
• 6. Kernel Entries
• 7. Early Printk
  • 7.1. Hardware requirements
  • 7.2. Software requirements
  • 7.3. Testing
• 8. ORC unwinder
  • 8.1. Overview
  • 8.2. ORC vs frame pointers
  • 8.3. ORC vs DWARF
  • 8.4. ORC unwind table generation
  • 8.5. Unwinder implementation details
  • 8.6. Etymology
• 9. Zero Page
• 10. The TLB
• 11. MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) control
  • 11.1. Phasing out MTRR use
  • 11.2. Reading MTRRs from the shell
  • 11.3. Creating overlapping MTRRs
  • 11.4. Removing MTRRs from the C-shel
  • 11.5. Reading MTRRs from a C program using ioctl()’s
  • 11.6. Creating MTRRs from a C programme using ioctl()’s
• 12. PAT (Page Attribute Table)
  • 12.1. PAT APIs
  • 12.2. Advanced APIs for drivers
  • 12.3. MTRR effects on PAT / non-PAT systems
  • 12.4. PAT debugging
  • 12.5. PAT Initialization
• 13. Hardware-Feedback Interface for scheduling on Intel Hardware
  • 13.1. Overview
  • 13.2. The Hardware Feedback Interface
  • 13.3. Implementation details for Linux
  • 13.4. References
• 14. Linux IOMMU Support
  • 14.1. Basic stuff
  • 14.2. What is RMRR?
  • 14.3. How is IOVA generated?
  • 14.4. Graphics Problems?
  • 14.5. Some exceptions to IOVA
  • 14.6. Fault reporting
  • 14.7. Boot Message Sample
  • 14.8. PCI-DMA: Using DMAR IOMMU
  • 14.9. TBD
• 15. Intel(R) TXT Overview
  • 15.1. Trusted Boot Project Overview
  • 15.2. Value Proposition for Linux or “Why should you care?”
  • 15.3. How Does it Work?
  • 15.4. Configuring the System
• 16. Debugging AMD Zen systems
  • 16.1. Introduction
  • 16.2. S3 vs s2idle
  • 16.3. s2idle debugging tool
  • 16.4. Spurious s2idle wakeups from an IRQ
  • 16.5. Spurious s2idle wakeups from a GPIO
  • 16.6. s2idle PM debug messages
  • 16.7. Historical examples of s2idle issues
  • 16.8. Runtime power consumption issues
  • 16.9. BIOS debug messages
  • 16.10. Random reboot issues
• 17. AMD Memory Encryption
  • 17.1. Secure Nested Paging (SNP)
  • 17.2. Secure VM Service Module (SVSM)
• 18. AMD HSMP interface
  • 18.1. HSMP device
  • 18.2. HSMP sysfs interface
  • 18.3. ACPI device object format
  • 18.4. HSMP HWMON interface
  • 18.5. An example
• 19. Intel Trust Domain Extensions (TDX)
  • 19.1. TDX Host Kernel Support
  • 19.2. TDX Guest Support
  • 19.3. Attestation
  • 19.4. References
• 20. Page Table Isolation (PTI)
  • 20.1. Overview
  • 20.2. Page Table Management
  • 20.3. Overhead
  • 20.4. Possible Future Work
  • 20.5. Testing
  • 20.6. Debugging
• 21. Microarchitectural Data Sampling (MDS) mitigation
  • 21.1. Overview
  • 21.2. Exposure assumptions
  • 21.3. Mitigation strategy
  • 21.4. Kernel internal mitigation modes
  • 21.5. Mitigation points
• 22. The Linux Microcode Loader
  • 22.1. Early load microcode
  • 22.2. Late loading
  • 22.3. Why is late loading dangerous?
  • 22.4. Builtin microcode
• 23. TSX Async Abort (TAA) mitigation
  • 23.1. Overview
  • 23.2. Mitigation strategy
  • 23.3. Kernel internal mitigation modes
• 24. Bus lock detection and handling
  • 24.1. Problem
  • 24.2. Detection
  • 24.3. Software handling
  • 24.4. Usages
  • 24.5. Guidance
• 25. USB Legacy support
• 26. i386 Support
  • 26.1. IO-APIC
• 27. x86_64 Support
  • 27.1. AMD64 Specific Boot Options
  • 27.2. General note on [U]EFI x86_64 support
  • 27.3. Memory Management
  • 27.4. 5-level paging
  • 27.5. Fake NUMA For CPUSets
  • 27.6. Firmware support for CPU hotplug under Linux/x86-64
  • 27.7. Configurable sysfs parameters for the x86-64 machine check code
  • 27.8. Using FS and GS segments in user space applications
• 28. In-Field Scan
  • 28.1. Introduction
  • 28.2. IFS Image
  • 28.3. IFS Image Loading
  • 28.4. Running tests
  • 28.5. Driver design choices
  • 28.6. Structural Based Functional Test at Field (SBAF):
• 29. Shared Virtual Addressing (SVA) with ENQCMD
  • 29.1. Background
  • 29.2. Shared Hardware Workqueues
  • 29.3. ENQCMD
  • 29.4. Process Address Space Tagging
  • 29.5. PASID Management
  • 29.6. PASID Life Cycle Management
  • 29.7. Relationships
  • 29.8. FAQ
  • 29.9. References
• 30. Software Guard eXtensions (SGX)
  • 30.1. Overview
  • 30.2. Enclave Page Cache
  • 30.3. Application interface
  • 30.4. ksgxd
  • 30.5. Launch Control
  • 30.6. Encryption engines
  • 30.7. Usage Models
  • 30.8. Impact of Potential Kernel SGX Bugs
  • 30.9. Virtual EPC
• 31. Feature status on x86 architecture
• 32. x86-specific ELF Auxiliary Vectors
  • 32.1. Introduction
  • 32.2. The exposed auxiliary vectors
• 33. Using XSTATE features in user space applications
  • 33.1. Using dynamically enabled XSTATE features in user space applications
  • 33.2. Dynamic features in signal frames